Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials
Published on: January 10, 2025
Studying How Calcium Silicate and Radiopacifier Proportions Affect the Physicochemical Properties of Endodontic
Raimundo Sales de Oliveira Neto1, Guilherme Ferreira da Silva1, Tany Carvalho Moreira da Veiga1
1Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo-USP, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil.
Abstract:
This study evaluated how varying calcium silicate (30-50%) and radiopacifier (45-65%) ratios affected the physicochemical properties of experimental sealers (P1-P3) compared to Bio-C Sealer, AH Plus Bioceramic, and AH Plus Jet. Properties such as flowability, solubility, and radiopacity were assessed per ISO 6876/2012, and setting time followed ASTM C266-2008. pH and volumetric changes were measured in acrylic teeth (n = 10) filled with each sealer, with pH evaluated at 3, 24, 72, and 168 h, and volume changes assessed via micro-CT at baseline and after 7 days. P1 showed setting time similar to AH Plus Bioceramic (p > 0.05). All calcium silicate-based sealers had greater solubility than AH Plus Jet (p < 0.05), with only P3 meeting ISO standards. P1 and AH Plus Jet exhibited higher radiopacity (p < 0.05). Bio-C Sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic had more volume change than P2 (p < 0.05). All experimental sealers showed stable volume and increasing alkalinity, peaking at 72h. Bio-C Sealer showed a consistent pH rise, except between 24 and 168 h (p > 0.05). Sealer properties were strongly influenced by the composition. P1 (30% calcium silicate/65% radiopacifier) had superior flowability and radiopacity, while P3 (50% calcium silicate/45% radiopacifier) was the only one to meet solubility standards.
Related Concept Videos
Hydration of Cement
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is...
Soundness of Cement
Mortar Properties
Water Cement Ratio
Curing of Concrete

