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Laser and Light-Based Therapies for Treating Melasma: An In-Depth Review.

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Laser and light treatments offer evolving options for melasma, a challenging hyperpigmentation disorder. Picosecond lasers show promise for improved outcomes and patient satisfaction compared to older methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Melasma is a chronic, relapsing hyperpigmentation disorder with complex causes.
  • It significantly impacts patients' quality of life due to psychological and social burdens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging laser and light-based treatments for melasma.
  • To evaluate the clinical applicability, efficacy, and safety of these therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Searched PubMed for studies on laser and light therapies for melasma up to April 2024.
  • Included studies on intense pulsed light, Q-switched nanosecond lasers, fractionated lasers, and picosecond lasers.

Main Results:

  • Intense pulsed light and Q-switched lasers show results but risk recurrence and pigmentary changes.
  • Picosecond lasers demonstrate potential in reducing pigmentation and improving skin texture with fewer side effects.
  • Picosecond lasers achieved significant melasma reduction and high patient satisfaction.

Conclusions:

  • Laser and light therapies are advancing for melasma treatment.
  • Multimodal approaches are increasingly supported for addressing melasma's complex nature.
  • Individualized treatment plans are crucial, considering patient psychosocial impacts.