Automated Manufacturing of Carbon-11 Radiopharmaceuticals Using Cassette-Based Radiosynthesizers

As the field of radiochemistry moves toward the rapid development and translation of radiopharmaceuticals, the radiosynthetic methodology and manufacturing are becoming more and more refined. As the use of radiopharmaceuticals in clinical research is one of the primary goals of radiochemistry research, compliance with cGMP regulations is a key factor in radiosynthesis developments. This review is primarily focused on the automation of the radiosynthesis on modules, with a special focus on the use of disposable cassettes for the reactors and flow-paths. This review aims to cover the developments and current state-of-the-art for cassette-based radiosynthesis of carbon-11 radiopharmaceuticals.