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How the Microbiome Drives Cardiovascular Disease

Karen J Ho1, Jayalekshmi Vs1, Ayah Abualhuda1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 North St. Clair Street, Suite 650, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|October 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Gut microbes influence cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by affecting immunity, gut barrier, and metabolism. Understanding gut dysbiosis offers new avenues for preventing and treating conditions like heart failure and stroke.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiome Research
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Translational Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant global health burden, being the primary cause of mortality and morbidity.
  • Emerging scientific and clinical evidence highlights the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating CVD development and progression.
  • Gut microbiota influence CVDs via immune/inflammatory responses, intestinal barrier integrity, and metabolic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationships between gut dysbiosis and various cardiovascular conditions.
  • To explore the mechanistic links through which gut microbiota impact cardiovascular health.
  • To identify potential novel therapeutic and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome for CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current scientific and clinical evidence.
  • Analysis of mechanistic pathways connecting gut microbiota to cardiovascular pathophysiology.
  • Identification of specific CVDs linked to gut dysbiosis, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease.

Main Results:

  • Established link between gut dysbiosis and increased risk/severity of coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiovascular death, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, and aortic aneurysms.
  • Demonstrated influence of gut microbiota on key pathways including immune regulation, inflammation, intestinal permeability, and host metabolism.
  • Highlighted the potential for targeting the gut microbiome as a novel therapeutic strategy.

Conclusions:

  • Gut dysbiosis is a significant contributing factor to the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Modulation of the gut microbiota presents a promising frontier for innovative interventions in cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
  • Further research into gut-heart axis interactions is crucial for clinical translation.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesCerebrovascular diseaseCoronary artery diseaseDysbiosisGastrointestinal microbiomeHeart failureHypertensionPeripheral artery disease

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