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Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

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Identification and Characterization of Immunogenic RNA Species in HDM Allergens that Modulate Eosinophilic Lung Inflammation
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Longitudinal Blood Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Dynamic Gene Expression Patterns in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

Chang Liu1, Shikun He1, Jinxiu Zhang1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.

Clinical and Experimental Allergy : Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|October 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for allergic rhinitis dynamically alters blood gene expression, promoting immune tolerance by reducing B-cell activation and inflammation over 12 months. This treatment normalizes gene expression profiles, offering insights into SCIT efficacy.

Keywords:
allergic rhinitishouse dust mitesubcutaneous immunotherapytranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transcriptomics
  • Allergic Diseases

Background:

  • Subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is a standard treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR) aimed at inducing immune tolerance.
  • The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying SCIT's efficacy, especially transcriptomic changes during treatment, remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms of SCIT by analyzing peripheral blood gene expression profiles in AR patients throughout the treatment course.
  • To identify key genes and pathways involved in SCIT-induced immune tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Whole blood samples were collected from 30 AR patients and 10 healthy controls at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months during SCIT.
  • RNA sequencing, differential gene expression analysis, pathway enrichment, immune cell deconvolution, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis were performed.

Main Results:

  • AR patients exhibited significant differences in gene expression compared to controls, with changes progressively normalizing over 12 months of SCIT.
  • SCIT modulated gene expression to enhance type I interferon and antiviral responses while suppressing B-cell activation and inflammation.
  • Immune cell populations shifted, showing increases in regulatory T cells and dendritic cells, and decreases in Th2 cells and eosinophils, with key hub genes identified.

Conclusions:

  • SCIT effectively modulates blood gene expression in AR patients, leading to immune tolerance and reduced inflammation.
  • The study provides a deeper understanding of SCIT's molecular underpinnings and suggests potential biomarkers for treatment monitoring.