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Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
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Spatial Composition Influenced by Solvent in High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticle Synthesis via Polyol Reduction.

Nikhil Rai1,2, Gengnan Li2, Jianguo Wen2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.

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|October 20, 2025
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Summary

Solvent choice during high entropy alloy nanoparticle synthesis impacts surface composition. Long-chain polyethylene glycol yields more uniform elemental distribution compared to short-chain triethylene glycol, crucial for catalysis.

Keywords:
CatalystHigh-entropy alloyNanoparticlePolyol reductionSurface segregation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Nanoparticle surface composition is critical for catalytic performance, especially in multielemental systems.
  • High entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticles offer tunable properties but require precise control over elemental distribution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of solvent choice on the surface elemental distribution of HEA nanoparticles synthesized via polyol reduction.
  • To correlate solvent properties with the co-reduction kinetics of metal salts and resulting nanoparticle homogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of HEA nanoparticles using polyol reduction in different solvents (long-chain vs. short-chain polyethylene glycol).
  • Electrochemical reduction of metal salts to analyze reduction kinetics in various solvents.
  • Characterization of nanoparticle surface composition and elemental distribution.

Main Results:

  • Long-chain polyethylene glycol (PEG) resulted in a more uniform multielement distribution on HEA nanoparticle surfaces compared to short-chain triethylene glycol (TEG).
  • Solvents facilitating better co-reduction of metal salts produced more homogenized HEA nanoparticles.
  • Variations in solvent reduction potency led to inhomogeneous elemental distribution in HEA nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent selection in polyol reduction is a key factor for controlling surface elemental distribution in HEA nanoparticles.
  • Optimizing solvent properties can enhance nanoparticle homogeneity, leading to improved catalytic performance.
  • Understanding solvent-electrolyte interactions is crucial for designing advanced HEA catalysts.