[Functional neurological disorders]

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Functional Neurological Disorders (FND) are neurological conditions involving brain network dysfunctions.
• Symptoms include motor deficits, functional dissociative seizures, speech disorders, and sensory deficits.
• FND affects 15% of neurology consultations, with a prevalence of 0.5-1/1000.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the key aspects of Functional Neurological Disorders.
• To outline diagnostic criteria and management strategies for FND.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis relies on DSM-5-TR criteria, emphasizing positive clinical signs.
• Neuroimaging studies reveal associated brain dysfunctions.
• Assessment involves identifying predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating risk factors.

Main Results:

• FND symptoms are linked to brain network dysfunctions, often triggered by trauma in vulnerable individuals.
• Imaging studies confirm brain network alterations in FND patients.
• Effective treatment necessitates a clear diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach.

Conclusions:

• FND management requires a clear diagnostic explanation and a multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy and psychotherapy.
• Identifying and treating risk factors is crucial for reducing patient vulnerability and improving outcomes.
• Understanding FND as a brain network disorder is key to effective patient care.