Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

15.9K
Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
15.9K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

69.9K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
69.9K
Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

6.1K
The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
6.1K
Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

38.6K
Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws.
38.6K
Band Theory02:35

Band Theory

16.9K
When two or more atoms come together to form a molecule, their atomic orbitals combine and molecular orbitals of distinct energies result. In a solid, there are a large number of atoms, and therefore a large number of atomic orbitals that may be combined into molecular orbitals. These groups of molecular orbitals are so closely placed together to form continuous regions of energies, known as the bands.
The energy difference between these bands is known as the band gap.
Conductor, Semiconductor,...
16.9K
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

1.8K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Conductive Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanofiber Membranes with High Environmental Stability.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Visualizing Elastocapillary Expansion of Graphene through Bulge Tests.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

The combined effect of geriatric nutritional risk index and abdominal obesity on peripheral arterial disease in an elderly hypertensive population: a longitudinal cohort study.

BMC public health·2025
Same author

Dielectric strength weakening of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets under mechanical stress.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Stiffer Is Stickier: Adhesion in Elastic Nanofilms.

Nano letters·2025
Same author

Decoding the fatty liver-hyperuricemia link in the obese and nonobese hypertensive patients: insights from a cohort study.

Scientific reports·2024
Same journal

Erratum: Bacterial Turbulence at Compressible Fluid Interfaces [Phys. Rev. Lett. 136, 138301 (2026)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Unveiling Light-Quark Yukawa Flavor Structure via Dihadron Fragmentation at Lepton Colliders.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Adaptable Route to Fast Coherent State Transport via Bang-Bang-Bang Protocols.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Topological Transition and Emergence of Elasticity of Dislocation in Skyrmion Lattice: Beyond Kittel's Magnetic-Polar Analogy.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Pound-Drever-Hall Method for Superconducting-Qubit Readout.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Coupling a ^{73}Ge Nuclear Spin to an Electrostatically Defined Quantum Dot in Silicon.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

16.0K

Transparency of Graphene to Solid-Solid van der Waals Interactions.

Chuanli Yu1, Weijia Zeng1, Zepu Kou2

  • 1Peking University, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Beijing 100871, China.

Physical Review Letters
|October 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene can screen van der Waals (vdW) forces, impacting their use in nano-devices. This study quantifies graphene

More Related Videos

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
04:57

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

909
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

16.0K
Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
04:57

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: July 18, 2025

909
Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
13:56

Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations

Published on: October 12, 2019

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Intermolecular interactions, specifically van der Waals (vdW) forces, are critical for designing 2D material-based nanofluidic and microelectromechanical systems.
  • Previous experimental studies on the vdW transparency of 2D materials have yielded inconsistent and contradictory results.
  • A precise understanding of vdW force transmission through 2D materials is essential for advancing nanotechnology applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally quantify the van der Waals (vdW) transparency of graphene, a key two-dimensional (2D) material.
  • To investigate the influence of graphene layers on the vdW interaction between a probe and a substrate.
  • To reconcile experimental findings with theoretical models like Lifshitz theory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a geometrically well-defined probe.
  • Measured pull-off and pull-in forces in a model system of graphene on silicon dioxide (SiO_{2}).
  • Employed Lifshitz theory calculations for comparison with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Observed that the total vdW force deviates significantly from the sum of individual contributions of graphene and the substrate.
  • Found that the effective surface energy of suspended graphene can be higher than substrate-supported graphene.
  • Demonstrated that 1-5 layers of graphene screen 15%-50% of the intrinsic solid-solid vdW interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene exhibits significant screening of van der Waals (vdW) forces, contrary to simple additive models.
  • The vdW interaction is modulated by the presence and thickness of graphene layers.
  • Experimental results align with Lifshitz theory, providing a quantitative basis for 2D material vdW transparency.