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North Atlantic right whale detection range performance quantification on a bottom-mounted linear hydrophone array

Vincent E Premus1, Philip A Abbot1, Eric Illich1

  • 1Ocean Acoustical Services and Instrumentation Systems, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ThayerMahan, Inc., 175 Cabot Street, Suite 400, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, USA.

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A hydrophone array offers a 3.6-fold detection range advantage for North Atlantic right whale upcalls compared to a single hydrophone. This study also suggests whale call detection is a narrowband problem, impacting acoustic modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine bioacoustics
  • Underwater acoustics
  • Offshore renewable energy impacts

Background:

  • North Atlantic right whales are critically endangered, with acoustic monitoring crucial for their protection.
  • Offshore wind construction areas present unique acoustic environments that can affect marine mammal detection.
  • Traditional acoustic detection models may not fully capture the nuances of baleen whale vocalizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify hydrophone array detection performance for North Atlantic right whale upcalls.
  • To compare the detection range of a 32-channel hydrophone array versus a single hydrophone.
  • To investigate the acoustic characteristics of right whale upcalls and their implications for detection models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a calibrated acoustic projector with GPS reconstruction in the southern New England offshore wind construction area.
  • Measured in situ transmission loss and detection ranges for both a 32-channel bottom-mounted hydrophone array and a single hydrophone.
  • Applied passive sonar equation analysis to characterize the vocalization bandwidth.

Main Results:

  • The hydrophone array demonstrated a 3.6-fold increase in detection range compared to a single hydrophone in a 17logR spreading loss environment.
  • Empirical figures of merit were established for both array and single hydrophone performance.
  • Analysis validated the hypothesis that North Atlantic right whale upcall detection is a narrowband problem.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrophone arrays significantly enhance detection ranges for North Atlantic right whale vocalizations.
  • The narrowband nature of right whale upcalls has critical implications for acoustic detection modeling.
  • Findings necessitate a re-evaluation of noise bandwidth treatment in baleen whale acoustic detection performance models.