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Published on: October 20, 2023
Accelerated 3D Mapping of Whole Brain Venous Oxygenation With Nested-Shift Under Sampling and ESPIRIT Reconstruction
Yiwen Hong1, Dengrong Jiang2, Yi Zhang1
1Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China.
Purpose:
Non-invasive whole brain mapping of cerebral venous oxygenation (Yv) is essential in brain diseases. This study aims to develop a 3D T2-Relaxation-Under-Velocity-Encoding-and-Rapid-Acquisition (TRU-VERA) sequence for whole-brain Yv quantification in both cortical and deep cerebral veins.
Methods:
Three Cartesian kz-t under-sampling strategies (static, nested-shift, and ordinary-shift) and five reconstruction methods (SENSE, ESPIRIT, local low rank, global low rank, compressed sensing) were tested for Yv estimation accuracy. The optimized 3D TRU-VERA was validated with TRUST and 2D TRUPC. Its reproducibility as well as sensitivity to caffeine and age-related oxygenation changes were examined.
Results:
Nested-shift under-sampling with ESPIRIT provided optimal accuracy, achieving 1.04 × 1.04 × 2 mm3 resolution with four eTEs in 7 min 23 s. Yv measured by 3D TRU-VERA showed strong correlation with TRUST (R2 = 0.731) and TRUPC (SSS: R2 = 0.733, deep veins: R2 = 0.661), and had an excellent reproducibility with an intrasession CoV of 2.3% ± 1.5% for large veins and 4.0% ± 3.2% for cortical veins, and intersession CoV of 2.2% ± 1.5% and 4.0% ± 4.2%, respectively.
Conclusion:
The 3D TRU-VERA sequence enables high-resolution, reproducible, and non-invasive assessment of venous oxygenation across the entire brain, providing vessel-specific quantification and comprehensive evaluation of regional cerebral oxygen metabolism.
