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Hemorrhoids

Fumiko Egawa1, Rebecca C Gologorsky1

  • 1Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, 208 Collyer Street, Suite 301A, Providence, RI 02906, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America
|November 15, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Hemorrhoid disease is a common condition impacting healthcare costs. This review covers hemorrhoid pathophysiology, diagnosis, and tailored treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • Surgical Sciences

Background:

  • Hemorrhoid disease is a prevalent condition in Western countries, significantly contributing to healthcare expenditures.
  • A wide spectrum of treatment modalities, encompassing both surgical and nonoperative approaches, are currently available.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic options for hemorrhoid disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of personalized treatment plans based on disease characteristics, symptom severity, and patient comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on hemorrhoid disease.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic criteria and treatment guidelines.
  • Synthesis of information on disease mechanisms and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Hemorrhoid disease management requires a tailored approach, considering individual patient factors.
  • Understanding pathophysiology is crucial for selecting appropriate treatments.
  • Modifiable risk factors should be addressed as part of the care plan.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of hemorrhoid disease necessitates individualized treatment strategies.
  • Further research may focus on optimizing nonoperative treatments and refining surgical techniques.
  • Integrated care addressing risk factors and comorbidities improves patient management.

Keywords:
Hemorrhoid infrared coagulationHemorrhoid sclerotherapyHemorrhoidectomyHemorrhoidopexyHemorrhoidsInternal and external hemorrhoidsRubber band ligation

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