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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Gapless Single-Spin Qubit.

Maximilian Rimbach-Russ1, Valentin John1, Barnaby van Straaten1

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|November 21, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel spin qubit architecture using hole nanostructures for scalable quantum computing. It eliminates leakage errors and reduces gate overhead, paving the way for advanced semiconductor quantum processors.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Semiconductor Physics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • All-electrical control of qubits is crucial for scaling quantum processors by minimizing crosstalk and heat.
  • Current semiconductor quantum dots use multispin qubit encodings (e.g., exchange-only qubits) limited by leakage states.
  • Leakage states in quantum dots pose a significant challenge to achieving high-fidelity quantum operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new, scalable spin qubit architecture for baseband control.
  • To leverage strong spin-orbit interactions in hole nanostructures to overcome limitations of existing qubit designs.
  • To eliminate leakage channels and reduce gate overhead in semiconductor quantum processors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized strong spin-orbit interactions in hole nanostructures for baseband qubit operations.
  • Developed a novel qubit encoding that completely eliminates leakage channels.
  • Leveraged existing initialization, readout, and multiqubit protocols for spin-1/2 systems.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a qubit architecture free from leakage states, enhancing operational fidelity.
  • Achieved robustness to local variability in hole spin properties through degenerate states.
  • Reduced gate overhead and mitigated heat generation from fast signal sources.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed architecture offers a robust and scalable pathway for semiconductor spin qubit technologies.
  • This design addresses critical scalability challenges in quantum computing.
  • Compatibility with current technology facilitates practical implementation and advancement of quantum processors.