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Public health nurses (PHNs) are unevenly distributed across the US. This study identified priority areas with high PHN need and low supply, informing resource allocation for local health departments.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Workforce Studies
  • Nursing Research

Background:

  • Public health nurses (PHNs) are essential to public health activities.
  • Their roles and distribution vary significantly nationwide.
  • Understanding local needs and supply is crucial for effective workforce planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the relative need for, supply of, and priority areas for PHNs at the county level.
  • To identify "PHN deserts" with high need and low supply.
  • To inform resource allocation for public health nursing.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional design utilizing national county-level data.
  • Need estimated using a novel index (demographics, economics, healthcare context, health outcomes).
  • Supply estimated using registered nurse staffing data from local health departments.

Main Results:

  • Significant variation in PHN need and supply across the US.
  • Low correlation (+0.26) between need and supply.
  • Highest average need in the Southeast; lowest in the Upper Northeast.

Conclusions:

  • Combining local PHN need and supply data identifies availability gaps.
  • Findings can guide investments, recruitment, and resource allocation.
  • Addresses critical public health nursing workforce needs in local health departments.