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Updated: Jan 10, 2026

Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
Published on: December 1, 2023
[Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction]
Kristine Grubbe Gregersen1, Dalia Gustaityte Larsen2, Padraig O'Leary2
1Afdeling for Øre-Næse-Halskirurgi og Audiologi, Københavns Universitetshospital - Rigshospitalet.
None:
Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction is a recently defined syndrome characterized by the inability to burp, abdominal bloating, chest discomfort, and social limitations. Diagnosis is made from clinical history, supported by exclusion of other conditions. Botulinum toxin injection into the cricopharyngeal muscle offers both immediate and long-term relief in most patients. This review presents the current knowledge from the Danish treating centres and aims to raise awareness among clinicians to improve patient referral and care.
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