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Paediatric Type 2 Diabetes Presentation and Trends Four Years Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Klang Valley,

Yee Lin Lee1, Nalini M Selveindran2, Fatin Farihah Wan Ahmad Nasir2

  • 1Paediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies
|December 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The COVID-19 pandemic did not increase pediatric Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases in Malaysia. Instead, T2DM incidence and severity, indicated by lower HbA1c and glucose levels, decreased post-pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to increased obesity rates in children and adults.
  • Limited research exists on the pandemic's impact on pediatric Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) trends.
  • This study addresses the gap by examining T2DM incidence before and after the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and demographics of newly-diagnosed pediatric T2DM cases.
  • To compare T2DM trends in children 4 years prior to and 4 years after the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To analyze the pandemic's effect on T2DM incidence and severity in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study was conducted across four tertiary centers in urban Malaysia.
  • Data collected included newly-diagnosed T2DM cases in patients aged 18 years and younger.
  • The study period spanned March 18, 2016, to March 17, 2024, divided into pre-pandemic and post-pandemic phases.

Main Results:

  • 75 pediatric T2DM cases were diagnosed pre-pandemic, compared to 54 post-pandemic.
  • No significant increase in T2DM or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) cases was observed during the pandemic.
  • Post-pandemic, T2DM cases declined, with lower HbA1c (10.1% vs 11.9%) and serum glucose (12.0 vs 16.1 mmol/L) levels.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric T2DM and DKA incidence did not rise during the pandemic and subsequently declined.
  • Lower post-pandemic HbA1c and glucose levels suggest potential improvements in screening and healthcare access.
  • The findings indicate a complex, non-uniform impact of the pandemic on pediatric T2DM trends.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemicdiabetic ketoacidosisobesitytype 2 diabetes mellitus

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