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Trade-offs between Accessibility and Practicality in Global Telemedicine: A Systematic Review
Muhammad Thoriq1, Wilda F Rachmadina2, Julian B Swannjo2
1School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Iranian Journal of Public Health
|December 8, 2025
Summary
Telemedicine enhances healthcare access through remote consultations. Challenges like technology and privacy persist, especially in lower-income regions, requiring further research for equitable global access.
Area of Science:
- Healthcare Technology
- Global Health
- Digital Health
Background:
- Telemedicine is crucial for remote healthcare delivery via messaging and video calls.
- It significantly improves healthcare accessibility, especially when in-person visits are restricted.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review global telemedicine accessibility and practicality.
- To evaluate the effectiveness and challenges of remote healthcare solutions worldwide.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was performed across ScienceDirect and PubMed up to August 2024.
- Nineteen high-quality studies, assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale, were included in the review.
Main Results:
- Most studies originated from high-income countries, focusing on follow-up consultations and diagnostics in general care, neurology, and surgery.
- Common platforms included WhatsApp, AnyDesk, and QliqSOFT, with accessibility and feasibility as key themes.
- Technological barriers and privacy concerns were identified as significant challenges, particularly in lower-income regions.
Conclusions:
- Telemedicine has proven effective in improving healthcare accessibility and feasibility.
- Persistent technological and privacy challenges, especially in lower-income settings, necessitate further research to ensure equitable access to remote healthcare services.
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