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New Friendships and Cognitive Functions in a Dementia Prevention Program for Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Adults.

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Public Health.

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Summary

A multidomain dementia prevention program showed feasibility and acceptance in two cities. The program, including exercise, nutrition, and cognitive training, demonstrated positive results and adaptability for community implementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Neuroscience and Cognitive Aging

Background:

  • Dementia prevention is a significant public health challenge requiring innovative community-based interventions.
  • A multidomain program combining exercise, nutrition, cognitive training, social engagement, and vascular risk management was piloted for feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a multidomain dementia prevention program in two distinct community settings.
  • To adapt the intervention based on pilot findings and local needs, including instructor training and participant enrollment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • A one-arm trial in O City (n=80, aged 65-86) evaluated a 12-month program, defining feasibility by ≥60% attendance.
  • A revised 6-month basic + 6-month continuation program was implemented in H Town with a structured enrollment protocol.
  • Cognitive function (MoCA-J) and food diversity were assessed; participant acceptability and willingness to continue were measured.

Main Results:

  • In O City, 75% met attendance criteria, with high acceptability (4.4/5); cognitive scores remained stable, and food diversity significantly improved (p=0.008).
  • In H Town, the revised program enrolled 19 participants, with over 70% expressing willingness to continue participation.
  • The program demonstrated adaptability across different implementation models and community contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The multidomain dementia prevention program is feasible and acceptable in community settings, adaptable to local needs and practices.
  • Findings support the program's potential for broader community impact, with future controlled studies needed to confirm cognitive and health benefits.
  • Refined recruitment and follow-up strategies are essential for scaling up dementia prevention initiatives.