TRPXv2.0: superfast, parallel compression of diffraction patterns and images, with native Python and HDF5 support

Scientific data in structural biology are being produced faster and in larger volumes than can be comfortably stored, processed, or shared. To address this challenge, we introduced the next generation TERSE/PROLIX (TRPX) algorithm for efficient, fast, and lossless compression of integer greyscale data, implemented in C++20. Here, we report a multithreaded extension with additional options for compressing low-intensity integer images and for lossless or lossy compression of greyscale float data. This new implementation is accessible through a dedicated, multithreaded Python library (pyterse) and as an HDF5 filter (terse), allowing seamless integration into existing scientific workflows. Benchmarks show that TRPXv2.0 is at least 2.5 times faster than existing compression schemes for diffraction data, without increasing file sizes, and often with better compression ratios. By combining speed, flexibility, and interoperability, TRPXv2.0 provides a practical and scalable solution for high-throughput data handling in modern structural biology.