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Related Concept Videos

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The cultivation of environmental microorganisms has long been hindered by the inability to replicate complex native conditions in vitro. The isolation chip (iChip) addresses this limitation by facilitating the growth of previously uncultivable microorganisms through in situ incubation. Designed for high-throughput microbial cultivation, the iChip comprises hundreds of microchambers, each capable of housing a single microbial cell. These microchambers are loaded with a mixture of molten agar and...
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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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Related Experiment Video

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Bridging the Bio-Electronic Interface with Biofabrication
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Sandcastle-Worm-Inspired Hydrogel Electronics for In Situ Forming, Reconfigurable, and Sustainable Bioelectronic

Hao Tang1,2, Jianpei Dong1,2, Lijie Yan3

  • 1School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|December 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Inspired by sandcastle worms, new hydrogel electronics form rapidly on wet surfaces. These bio-inspired hydrogel electronics (SHEs) offer robust, conductive, and reconfigurable interfaces for human-machine interaction.

Keywords:
hydrogel bioelectronicsin situ formingreconfigurabilitysandcastle wormsustainability

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Bioelectronics
  • Materials Engineering

Background:

  • Hydrogel electronic biointerfaces are crucial for human-machine interaction, enabling electrical recording and stimulation.
  • Challenges exist in achieving stable bioelectronic interfaces on wet biological surfaces due to interfacial water.
  • Existing interfaces struggle with intimate contact and consistent performance on biological tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel hydrogel electronics inspired by sandcastle worms for improved bioelectronic interface performance.
  • To overcome challenges posed by interfacial water on biological surfaces for stable bioelectronic coupling.
  • To create reconfigurable and sustainable hydrogel-based bioelectronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Development of water-absorbing micro-xerogels that undergo rapid, water-triggered self-crosslinking.
  • Fabrication of sandcastle-worm-inspired hydrogel electronics (SHEs) utilizing these micro-xerogels.
  • Characterization of SHEs' adhesion, conductivity, conformability, and reconfigurability on biological surfaces.

Main Results:

  • SHEs demonstrated rapid adhesion formation (within 8 s) and robust anchoring (adhesion energy >350 J·m⁻²).
  • The hydrogel interfaces exhibited excellent electrical conductivity (>2.5 S·m⁻¹) and conformal contact with biological surfaces.
  • SHEs showed practical reconfigurability, allowing detachment, reattachment after rehydration, and recyclability via freeze-drying and grinding.

Conclusions:

  • Water-triggered self-crosslinking micro-xerogels provide a viable strategy for fabricating advanced hydrogel biointerfaces.
  • SHEs offer a promising bio-inspired solution for reliable, robust, and reconfigurable bioelectronic interfaces.
  • The developed hydrogel electronics enhance human-machine interaction capabilities with improved performance and sustainability.