The Progress of Black Phosphorus in the Field of Sensors

Since the successful preparation of black phosphorus (BP) field-effect transistors through liquid-phase exfoliation technology in 2014, BP has rapidly become a research hotspot in the field of two-dimensional nanomaterials due to its exceptionally unique structure and properties. BP has excellent electronic properties, good biocompatibility, and an adjustable band gap. It has great potential in various fields such as electronics, energy storage, sensing, and biomedicine. BP is a promising material in the field of sensors due to its advantages, such as good electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, numerous active sites, and low cytotoxicity. However, BP is prone to degradation in light and humid air, which poses some challenges for its application. In recent years, there have been various studies on the preparation and optimization of BP, and BP-based materials have been successfully extended to the field of sensors. This review first briefly introduces the properties, classification, and synthesis methods of BP, and then presents the research on its stability and modification. Furthermore, the latest research progress of BP in various sensing applications is summarized. The key technical bottlenecks currently faced by BP in the sensor field are analyzed. In addition, the current situation of BP sensors is summarized, and the future development is projected.