Successful Treatment of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Related Aortitis in Prostate Cancer

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Vascular Medicine

Background:

• Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for neutropenia prophylaxis.
• G-CSF-related aortitis is a rare but serious adverse event.
• Prostate cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy are at risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of successful corticosteroid treatment for G-CSF-related aortitis.
• To emphasize the importance of considering G-CSF-related aortitis in patients with relevant symptoms.

Main Methods:

• A patient with castration-resistant prostate cancer received pegfilgrastim for neutropenia prophylaxis.
• The patient developed symptoms suggestive of aortitis (fever, elevated inflammatory markers).
• Diagnosis of G-CSF-related aortitis was confirmed, and corticosteroid therapy was initiated.

Main Results:

• Successful treatment of G-CSF-related aortitis with corticosteroids was achieved.
• The patient completed chemotherapy without recurrence after switching G-CSF agents.
• Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition.

Conclusions:

• G-CSF-related aortitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fever and inflammation post-G-CSF administration.
• Corticosteroids are an effective treatment option for G-CSF-related aortitis.
• Vigilance is necessary when administering G-CSF, especially in cancer patients.