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Control and connection: Associations between maternal behavioral control and toddler attachment patterns.

Nour M Zaki¹, Maya A Shehata¹

¹Department of Psychology, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.

Infant Mental Health Journal

|January 7, 2026

Summary

Maternal behavioral control significantly impacts toddler attachment. Lower control correlates with secure attachment, while higher control is linked to insecure-resistant patterns in Egyptian toddlers.

Keywords:

IPARTheory attachment pattern attachment theory maternal behavioral control parenting

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Attachment Theory
Cross-cultural Psychology

Background:

Understanding the factors influencing early childhood attachment is crucial for developmental outcomes.
Maternal behavioral control, a key aspect of parenting, may shape a child's internal working models.
The Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) provides a framework for examining parental influence on child development.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between maternal behavioral control and attachment patterns in Egyptian toddlers (12-24 months).
To explore how different levels of maternal behavioral control relate to secure, insecure-avoidant, and insecure-resistant attachment.

Main Methods:

Utilized a sample of 60 Egyptian mother-child dyads.
Maternal behavioral control was measured using a standardized behavioral control scale.
Toddlers' attachment patterns were assessed via Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation Procedure (SSP).

Main Results:

Significant differences in maternal behavioral control were found across attachment groups.
Higher maternal behavioral control was associated with insecure-resistant attachment.
Lower maternal behavioral control was associated with secure attachment; no significant difference was found for avoidant attachment.

Conclusions:

Maternal behavioral control plays a role in the development of toddler attachment patterns.
Findings suggest that behavioral control influences toddlers' perception of safety and their developing internal working models.
Cultural context, such as in Egypt, may influence the manifestation of these associations.