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IRF4 sends alveolar macrophages spiraling into an identity crisis during type 2 immunity

Anika Hutton1, Hernandez Moura Silva2

  • 1Laboratory of Immunophysiology, The Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Immunity
|January 14, 2026
PubMed

A long-standing debate in the field asks whether resident tissue macrophages are terminally differentiated or remain capable of changing their fate and function during inflammation. In this issue of Immunity, Verwaerde et al. uncover an IRF4-driven circuit that reshapes alveolar macrophage identity and positions them as contributors to allergic pathophysiology.

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