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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

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The First Biological Validation of Taenia solium Risk Assessment Tools.

Andrew Larkins^1,2, Davina Boyd³, Oula Bouphakaly⁴

¹School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.

Zoonoses and Public Health

|January 16, 2026

Summary

This study validated risk-assessment tools for Taenia solium (T. solium) in villages. The LISA and workshop tools showed significant potential for identifying high-risk areas for T. solium, aiding disease control efforts.

Keywords:

Lao PDR One Health epidemiology neglected tropical diseases risk analysis zoonoses

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Area of Science:

* Parasitology and Public Health
* Epidemiology and Disease Control
* Risk Assessment and Validation

Background:

* Taenia solium (T. solium) causes significant health burdens, including neurocysticercosis leading to epilepsy, particularly in low and middle-income countries.
* Existing diagnostic tools for T. solium are inadequate for resource-limited settings.
* Risk-assessment tools have been developed to guide T. solium interventions but require validation against biological data.

Purpose of the Study:

* To biologically validate the performance of various T. solium risk-assessment tools.
* To assess the effectiveness of national and local risk-assessment tools in identifying T. solium-endemic villages.
* To inform the selection and development of tools for T. solium control programs.

Main Methods:

* Evaluated five T. solium risk-assessment tools (LISA, MCDA, rapid, in-depth, workshop) against biological taeniasis data from 28 villages.
* Assessed risk categories, scores, and components against village T. solium status using logistic regression.
* Analyzed the relationship between specific risk factors (e.g., unimproved toilets, open defecation) and T. solium presence.

Main Results:

* The LISA and workshop tools significantly differentiated between T. solium positive and negative villages.
* Higher LISA risk scores were significantly associated with increased odds of T. solium presence.
* Unimproved toilets (identified by LISA) and open defecation (identified by the rapid tool) were significant risk indicators.

Conclusions:

* This study provides the first biological validation of T. solium risk-assessment tools, identifying promising options for further development.
* The LISA and workshop tools demonstrate utility in identifying high-risk areas for T. solium.
* Validated tools can support endemic countries in implementing effective T. solium control strategies aligned with WHO goals.