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Related Concept Videos

Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)01:14

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Capturing Actively Produced Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Human-Associated Samples with Vacuum-Assisted Sorbent Extraction
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Solid phase microextraction for urinary VOC analysis using portable GC-MS: Method development and validation against

Mark Woollam1, Serenidy Eckerle2, Eray Schulz1

  • 1Integrated Nanosystems Development Institute, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.

Talanta
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel solid phase microextraction method for portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to detect urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The new method enhances VOC detection for potential point-of-care disease diagnostics.

Keywords:
Chemometric analysisGas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)Portable systemsSolid phase microextraction (SPME)Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Biological volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urine show promise as noninvasive disease biomarkers.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the standard for VOC analysis but typically requires large, lab-based equipment.
  • Portable GC-MS offers potential for point-of-care testing, but methods need optimization for biological samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize a solid phase microextraction (SPME) method coupled with portable GC-MS for detecting biological VOCs in urine headspace.
  • To enhance sensitivity, repeatability, and chromatographic resolution for urine VOC analysis.
  • To validate the portable GC-MS method against a standard benchtop GC-MS system.

Main Methods:

  • Optimization of sample preparation, on-column, and MS parameters for SPME-portable GC-MS.
  • Comparison of SPME with a standard air probe sampling method.
  • Assessment of intra- and inter-day repeatability using UTAK urine standards.
  • Analysis of urine samples from healthy volunteers and confirmation with benchtop GC-MS.

Main Results:

  • The SPME method significantly enriched VOCs compared to the air probe (average log2 fold change of 3.5).
  • Good repeatability was achieved, with VOCs generally showing relative standard deviation (RSD) below 25%.
  • The portable GC-MS system successfully differentiated VOC profiles among healthy volunteers and results were confirmed by benchtop GC-MS.

Conclusions:

  • A novel SPME-portable GC-MS method is effective for analyzing urinary VOCs.
  • This method demonstrates potential for sensitive, repeatable, and accurate point-of-care VOC analysis.
  • The validated portable platform provides confidence for future clinical diagnostic applications.