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Related Concept Videos

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field01:17

Force On A Current Loop In A Magnetic Field

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Magnetic forces on wires carrying current are most frequently applied in motors. A DC motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical work. In motors, wire loops are enclosed in a magnetic field. When current flows through the loops, the magnetic field applies torque, which causes the shaft to rotate. The direction of the current is reversed once the loop's surface area is lined up with the magnetic field, causing a constant torque on the loop. During the process, commutators...
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Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Force01:18

Magnetic Force

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In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...
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Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

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A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

5.5K
The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
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Forced 3D Reconnection in an Exponentially Separating Magnetic Field.

David N Hosking1,2,3, Ian G Abel4, Steven C Cowley5

  • 1Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found that slower magnetic field line separation can increase reconnection rates in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Semicollisional electron-only reconnection rates are independent of magnetic geometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Astrophysical Plasmas
  • Fusion Energy

Background:

  • Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in plasma physics, crucial for energy release in astrophysical phenomena and fusion devices.
  • Understanding the dynamics of 3D magnetic reconnection in sheared magnetic fields is essential for predicting plasma behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a solvable scenario for 3D magnetic reconnection in a sheared magnetic field.
  • To determine the reconnection timescales under different physical regimes (MHD and semicollisional electron-only).
  • To analyze the influence of magnetic field line separation on reconnection rates.

Main Methods:

  • A localized external force was applied to a flux tube to generate Alfvénic perturbations.
  • Analysis of magnetic diffusion enhancement due to reduced perturbation scales across separated field lines.
  • Derivation of reconnection timescales for magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and semicollisional electron-only models.

Main Results:

  • Reconnection timescale is proportional to S/lnS in MHD and S^{1/3} for semicollisional electron-only reconnection, where S is the Lundquist number.
  • The semicollisional reconnection rate was found to be independent of magnetic geometry.
  • Slower field-line separation was shown to increase the reconnection rate in the MHD regime.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a detailed analysis of 3D magnetic reconnection in sheared fields with varying physical conditions.
  • Findings offer insights into controlling reconnection rates, relevant for both astrophysical simulations and fusion energy research.
  • The geometry-independent nature of semicollisional reconnection simplifies its application to diverse plasma environments.