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Architectural swarms for responsive façades and creative expression.

Merihan Alhafnawi1, Jad Bendarkawi2, Yenet Tafesse3

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Architectural swarms integrate swarm intelligence and robotics into modular façades for responsive buildings. This living-like architecture adapts to environments and user needs, transforming built spaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Robotics and swarm intelligence applied to architecture.
  • Biomimicry and self-organizing systems in the built environment.
  • Human-computer interaction and responsive architectural design.

Background:

  • Traditional architecture is static and unresponsive to environmental changes or occupant needs.
  • Existing biomimicry in architecture lacks the self-organizing dynamics of natural swarms.
  • There is a need for adaptive and responsive architectural systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate the concept of architectural swarms.
  • To develop a proof-of-concept system (Swarm Garden) for exploring architectural swarm applications.
  • To investigate functional and creative applications of responsive architecture.

Main Methods:

  • Development of modular robotic units (SGbots) with sensing, computation, and communication capabilities.
  • Networked deployment of SGbots to create reconfigurable spatial systems exhibiting collective behavior.
  • Case studies on adaptive shading using opinion dynamics and interactive interior design.

Main Results:

  • The Swarm Garden effectively demonstrated adaptive shading in response to sunlight, showing robustness to failures.
  • Simulations confirmed scalability and tunability for larger architectural applications.
  • An interactive interior design application engaged users, achieving 96% positive sentiment.

Conclusions:

  • Architectural swarms offer a pathway to "living-like" architecture.
  • The Swarm Garden serves as a testbed for functional and creative responsive architectural systems.
  • This approach enables buildings to dynamically adapt to environmental conditions and human preferences.