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Mechanically ventilated patients' Experiences of communication using eye-tracking technology: A qualitative
Hanghang Jin1, Mengjuan Jing2, Yuhao Zhao3
1School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
|January 26, 2026
Summary
Eye-tracking devices improve communication for mechanically ventilated ICU patients, enhancing engagement and emotional support. Addressing technical and environmental barriers is key to optimizing this technology for better patient care.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Clinical Nursing
- Human-Computer Interaction
Background:
- Effective communication is crucial in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), yet invasive mechanical ventilation presents significant challenges to nurse-patient interactions.
- Current communication methods are often hindered, impacting the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the application of eye-tracking technology for enhancing communication between nurses and mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.
- To identify factors influencing the effective implementation of eye-tracking devices in this critical care setting.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive qualitative design was employed, adhering to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ).
- Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 mechanically ventilated patients who utilized eye-tracking devices during their ICU stay.
- Thematic analysis, guided by Braun and Clarke's framework, was used to analyze the interview data.
Main Results:
- Three primary themes emerged: technical interaction experience, psychological experience, and barriers to device use.
- Eye-tracking devices proved feasible for conveying basic needs and offered significant psycho-emotional benefits, including increased patient engagement and a sense of psychological safety.
- Physiological fatigue and environmental factors were identified as key barriers impacting the optimal use of eye-tracking technology.
Conclusions:
- Eye-tracking technology serves as a valuable supportive tool in the ICU, empowering patients and facilitating emotionally supportive interactions.
- Addressing identified barriers is essential for maximizing the effectiveness of eye-tracking devices in critical care.
- Future refinements of these communication tools are recommended to ensure comprehensive benefits for critically ill patients.
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