A Mussel-Inspired Bioadhesive Patch to Selectively Kill Glioblastoma Cells

Glioblastoma, the most prevalent and aggressive brain tumor, presents significant challenge due to its rapid proliferation, invasive nature, and resistance to conventional therapies. Current treatments, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, frequently lead to recurrence, underscoring the urgent need for innovative solutions. This work develops and evaluates bioinspired adhesive membranes designed as novel strategy to address glioblastoma recurrence post-surgery. Inspired by mussel adhesion, these membranes exhibit strong bioadhesion in wet environments and incorporate various phenolic-based compounds. Among tested combinations, a membrane with catechin demonstrates specific cytotoxic effect on human glioblastoma cells. This effect is investigated through in vitro assays using glioblastoma cell lines, including primary cell cultures. Exposure to this membrane induces changes in cell morphology and internal structures, and alterations in cell adhesion and migration. Additionally, the use of glioblastoma spheroids and ex vivo tissues allow us to mimic glioblastoma microenvironment and assess the membrane efficacy. Reactive oxygen species are suggested to play a main role in the cytotoxic effect, counteracted by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Finally, a comprehensive proteomic study elucidates biological mechanisms underlying the membrane performance. This research highlights the potential of mussel-inspired advanced scaffolds as a localized approach in glioblastoma therapy, suggesting a path for effective anticancer strategies.