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Exploring Clinician Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence in Primary Care: Qualitative Systematic Review and
Robin Bogdanffy1, Alisa Mundzic1, Peter Nymberg2,3
1General Practice/Family Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Huvudbyggnad Vasaparken, Universitetsplatsen 1, Gothenburg, 40530, Sweden, 46 317860000.
JMIR AI
|February 5, 2026
Summary
Clinicians see artificial intelligence (AI) as a tool that can improve primary health care but also introduce complexities. Careful consideration of ethical, technical, and human oversight is crucial for successful AI integration.
Area of Science:
- Health Informatics
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare
- Qualitative Research Synthesis
Background:
- Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential benefits for clinical and administrative tasks in healthcare.
- Significant challenges include potential biases, regulatory gaps, and technical issues associated with AI.
- Limited qualitative research exists on clinician perspectives regarding AI in primary care settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and synthesize current qualitative research on clinician perspectives of AI in primary care.
- To understand the multifaceted views of healthcare professionals on AI adoption and impact.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL) up to February 2024.
- Inclusion of peer-reviewed English-language qualitative studies using the SPIDER framework.
- Thematic synthesis of data from 13 studies, with quality appraisal using CASP and confidence assessment using GRADE-CERQual.
Main Results:
- 13 studies from 6 countries, involving 238 primary care clinicians, were analyzed.
- Three analytical themes emerged: the human-machine relationship, the technologically enhanced clinic, and the societal impact of AI.
- Clinicians expressed views on AI assistance, workplace effects, data privacy, medicolegal liability, and bias.
Conclusions:
- Clinicians perceive AI as a dual-edged sword, capable of enhancing but also complicating primary health care.
- Successful AI integration necessitates careful attention to ethical considerations, technical reliability, and maintaining human oversight.
- Further qualitative research is recommended to explore AI's effects on clinician careers and autonomy.
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