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Related Concept Videos

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

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In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency,...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

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Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Aldehydes and Ketones01:29

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Infrared spectroscopy, also known as vibrational spectroscopy, is mainly used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups in molecules. In aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl (C=O) bond shows an absorption around 1710 cm-1. The C=O bond vibration of an aldehyde occurs at lower frequencies than that of a ketone. In addition to the C=O absorption in an aldehyde, the aldehydic C–H bond also gives two peaks in the 2700–2800 cm-1 range. This absorption, coupled with the...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

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In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this...
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

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The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...
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Point-of-Care Veterinary Diagnostics Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy: Current Opportunities and Future Directions.

Sofia Rosa1, Ana C Silvestre-Ferreira1,2,3, Rui Martins4

  • 1Animal and Veterinary Science Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|February 13, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Visible-Near-Infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy offers rapid, non-invasive veterinary diagnostics at the point of care. Combining Vis-NIR with Self-Learning Artificial Intelligence (SLAI) overcomes limitations, enhancing animal health assessments.

Keywords:
One Healthartificial intelligencenear-infrared spectroscopypoint-of-care diagnosticsveterinary medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary diagnostics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Point-of-care testing

Background:

  • Visible-Near-Infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is emerging for point-of-care diagnostics.
  • It offers advantages over complex methods like Raman and FTIR spectroscopy.
  • Vis-NIR is rapid, non-invasive, reagent-free, and suitable for portable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of Vis-NIR spectroscopy in veterinary medicine.
  • To highlight its benefits and applications in animal diagnostics.
  • To explore solutions for its limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Directing broadband light (e.g., LEDs) onto samples (blood, urine, faeces).
  • Collecting spectral data based on molecular vibrations.
  • Analyzing spectral data using chemometric methods and Self-Learning Artificial Intelligence (SLAI).

Main Results:

  • Successful applications include hemogram analysis in dogs, cats, and salmon.
  • Quantification of blood in ovine faeces for parasite detection was achieved.
  • SLAI effectively mitigated spectral interferences from water and hemoglobin.

Conclusions:

  • Vis-NIR spectroscopy is a valuable complement to centralized laboratory testing.
  • It accelerates clinical decisions and reduces animal stress during assessment.
  • It enhances diagnostic capabilities for both human and animal health, supporting the One Health concept.