RESEARCH OF HEMATOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO IRRADIATION FROM THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

The impact of pathogenic factors caused by the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster on the blood system and hemostasis is of great interest. Deviations identified in the first years after exposure to ionizing radiation are primarily restorative and adaptive in nature. This paper presents the results of the monitoring of the changes in each separately studied indicator in the early (1987-1988) and late (2019-2020) periods after the exposure to radiation. Regression equations were obtained that describe the dynamics of changes in certain blood indicators, which make it possible to predict changes over many years after the accident. The hemoglobin and erythrocyte content, compared with the control group (donors), remained within the physiological norm until 1991. A significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes from 1991 to 1997, naturally, should have been reflected in the hemoglobin content, which was manifested in a decrease in their content. In the subsequent years of observations until 2001, a significant decrease in the number of erythrocytes corresponded to a decrease in the hemoglobin content. From 2001 to the present day, the content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin is approaching the boundaries of the physiological norm, albeit with some lag. Changes in blood counts are also influenced by factors that determine a liquidator's susceptibility to certain illnesses. Despite the fluctuating nature of changes in white blood cell counts, an overall trend of decline is nevertheless observed. Stable moderate leukopenia has been observed since 1995. A left shift of granulocytes is observed due to a decrease in the agranulocyte component of blood cells. Thus, it can be concluded that blood cells remain affected by the radiation caused by the Chernobyl accident even at late observation times.