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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Reexamining Transposed-Word Effects in the Grammatical Decision Task
Yun Wen1, Jonathan Grainger1,2
1Centre de Recherche en Psychologie et Neuroscience, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
Experimental Psychology
|February 16, 2026
Summary
Transposed-word (TW) effects in sentence processing are influenced by how words are presented. Sequential presentation reduces TW effects in response times, while auditory presentation maintains them.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Psycholinguistics
- Computational Linguistics
Background:
- Transposed-word (TW) effects reveal how the brain processes sentence grammaticality.
- These effects are observed when comparing responses to word sequences with transposed words versus ungrammatical controls.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the pattern of TW effects across different presentation procedures and modalities.
- To provide a tentative explanation for variations in TW effects based on presentation format.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of transposed-word (TW) effects in grammatical decision tasks.
- Comparison of effects across simultaneous written, sequential written, and auditory word presentations.
Main Results:
- TW effects appear in both response times (RTs) and accuracy for simultaneous written and auditory presentations.
- Sequential written presentation primarily shows TW effects in accuracy, not RTs.
Conclusions:
- Presentation modality and procedure significantly modulate transposed-word (TW) effects.
- Differences suggest distinct processing mechanisms for simultaneous vs. sequential and visual vs. auditory information.
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