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Altered Higher-Order Structural and Functional Connectivity Coupling in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Zheng Dai1, Lan Yang1, Zhifeng Li1

  • 1College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.

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|February 17, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) involves altered brain connectivity. This study reveals that higher-order structural connections (hSC) and their coupling with functional connectivity are crucial for understanding ASD neural mechanisms.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disorderFunctional connectivityHigher-order structural connectivityRich-club connectionsSC-FC coupling

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by known differences in direct brain connections.
  • Brain function relies heavily on indirect, higher-order structural connections (hSC).
  • Understanding hSC's influence on functional relationships is vital for ASD neural mechanism research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of higher-order structural connections (hSC) in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
  • To quantify the relationship between structural and functional connectivity (SC-FC coupling) in ASD.
  • To identify specific brain networks and regions where SC-FC coupling alterations occur in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized node2vec embedding to characterize brain nodes and construct hSC networks.
  • Differentiated hSC networks into direct and indirect connectivity.
  • Employed structural-functional coupling (SC-FC coupling) to quantify structural-functional relationships in 76 ASD and 64 typically developing participants.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in SC-FC coupling were observed in the ASD group.
  • Alterations were prominent in rich club connections and modules like the default mode and visual networks.
  • Coupling strengths in specific regions (e.g., left superior frontal gyrus) correlated with ASD symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Higher-order network interactions are important for analyzing structural and functional relationships in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • This study highlights the role of hSC and its coupling with functional connectivity in ASD.
  • Findings provide new insights into the neural underpinnings of Autism Spectrum Disorder.