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Related Concept Videos

Stress-Strain Diagram - Ductile Materials01:24

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The stress-strain relationship in ductile materials such as structural steel or aluminium is intricate and progresses through several stages. When a specimen is loaded, it initially exhibits a linear length increase, depicted by a steep straight line on the stress-strain diagram. It indicates the material is elastically deforming and will return to its original shape once unloaded. However, when a critical stress value is reached, plastic deformation begins. This stage sees substantial...
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A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Brittle materials, including glass, cast iron, and stone, exhibit unique characteristics. They fracture without considerable change in their elongation rate, indicating that their breaking and ultimate strength are equivalent. Such materials also show lower strain levels at the point of rupture. The failure in brittle materials predominantly results from normal stresses, as evidenced by the rupture created along a surface perpendicular to the applied load. These materials do not display...
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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric
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Aging of amorphous materials under cyclic strain.

Dor Shohat1,2, Paul Baconnier3, Itamar Procaccia4,5

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|February 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amorphous materials exhibit physical aging, a slow relaxation process. Cyclic driving reveals a universal logarithmic decay in dissipation, with a structural model best explaining this complex behavior.

Keywords:
agingamorphous materialscyclic drivinghysterons

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Amorphous materials exhibit complex, history-dependent behaviors when driven from equilibrium.
  • Physical aging, characterized by slow, nonexponential relaxation over vast timescales, is a key phenomenon in these materials.
  • Understanding aging is crucial for predicting material properties and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the aging behavior of amorphous materials under slow periodic driving.
  • To identify generic aging phenomena and their underlying mechanisms.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of different mesoscopic models in describing aging dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting three distinct amorphous materials to slow periodic driving.
  • Measuring dissipation per cycle over time.
  • Comparing experimental results with predictions from three mesoscopic models: noninteracting relaxation processes, noisy hysteron model, and a structural model with bistable elastic bonds.

Main Results:

  • A generic aging phenomenon was observed, characterized by a logarithmic decay of dissipation per cycle.
  • This decay pattern was consistent across different amorphous materials under cyclic driving.
  • Only the structural model, featuring a random network of bistable elastic bonds, accurately reproduced the experimental findings.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclic driving is a powerful protocol for characterizing amorphous materials and their energy landscapes.
  • The structural model's success is linked to its representation of slow energy landscape exploration and replica symmetry breaking.
  • This study provides a new method to differentiate between various mesoscopic models of amorphous matter.