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Stem Cells and Wildlife Conservation.
Gabriela Mastromonaco1, Paula Mackie2, Virginia Russell2
1Reproductive Sciences Unit, Toronto Zoo, Toronto, ON, Canada. gmastromonaco@torontozoo.ca.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|February 20, 2026
Summary
Stem cell technologies offer new hope for species conservation, building on assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Current challenges include low efficiency and genetic instability, hindering the application of these advanced stem cell methods.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology and conservation science.
Background:
- Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been used for species conservation for over 50 years.
- ARTs rely on accessing reproductively active animals, a significant hurdle for endangered species.
- Recent stem cell advancements, including induced pluripotent stem cells and ex vivo genesis, show promise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review key stem cell technologies relevant to reproductive medicine.
- To focus on the application of these stem cell technologies for species conservation efforts.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature on stem cell technologies and their application in reproductive medicine.
- Analysis of advancements in induced pluripotent stem cells and ex vivo genesis systems.
- Exploration of the potential and challenges of applying these technologies to wildlife conservation.
Main Results:
- Stem cell technologies present a novel approach to complement existing ARTs for conservation.
- Progress in stem cell research provides a foundation for wildlife applications and biobanking.
- Significant challenges remain, including low efficiency and genetic instability of stem cells.
Conclusions:
- Stem cell technologies hold considerable potential for advancing species conservation.
- Overcoming current technical limitations is crucial for successful implementation in conservation breeding programs.
- Further research is needed to translate stem cell potential into practical conservation solutions.
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