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Coupled Dynamics of Vaccination Behavior and Epidemic Spreading on Multilayer Higher-Order Networks
Zhishuang Wang1, Guoqiang Zeng1, Qian Yin1
1School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.
Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 27, 2026
Summary
Higher-order social interactions significantly influence vaccination decisions and epidemic spread. Incorporating group dynamics and imperfect vaccine efficacy is crucial for accurate epidemic modeling and effective public health strategies.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Network Science
- Mathematical Biology
- Public Health
Background:
- Vaccination behavior and epidemic spreading are intertwined, influenced by individual decisions and social interactions.
- Existing models often overlook higher-order social influence from group interactions, focusing primarily on pairwise relationships.
- Realistic vaccination strategies must account for imperfect vaccine efficacy and the impact of vaccine failure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a coupled vaccination-epidemic spreading model on multilayer higher-order networks.
- To investigate the impact of higher-order social interactions on vaccination behavior and epidemic dynamics.
- To analyze the interplay between behavioral responses, network structure, and vaccine parameters in disease transmission.
Main Methods:
- Development of a coupled dynamical model on simplicial complexes (vaccination) and physical contact networks (epidemic propagation).
- Incorporation of imperfect vaccine efficacy and a hybrid vaccination strategy combining cost-benefit analysis with social influence.
- Analytical derivation of the epidemic outbreak threshold and validation through numerical simulations on diverse network structures.
Main Results:
- Higher-order social interactions significantly reshape vaccination behavior and epidemic prevalence.
- Network heterogeneity and imperfect vaccine efficacy critically influence the outbreak threshold and steady-state infection levels.
- Model results demonstrate pronounced structure-dependent effects on epidemic dynamics.
Conclusions:
- Higher-order interactions are essential for accurately modeling epidemic dynamics and vaccination behavior.
- Realistic vaccination strategies must integrate group social influence and account for vaccine imperfections.
- Findings offer insights for designing more effective vaccination strategies by considering complex social structures.
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