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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • High Body Mass Index (BMI) is associated with impaired cognitive function.
  • Limited research exists on the long-term effects of cumulative average BMI (caBMI) on cognitive health.
  • Understanding caBMI's impact is crucial for cognitive health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between caBMI and cognitive decline.
  • To identify the critical time window where caBMI most strongly predicts cognitive decline.
  • To inform long-term weight management strategies for preserving cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study (1996-2020).
  • Assessed global cognition using a composite score of memory and executive function.
  • Calculated caBMI as the mean BMI over the follow-up period and employed linear mixed models for analysis.

Main Results:

  • A 100-unit increase in caBMI correlated with accelerated cognitive decline in global cognition, executive function, and memory.
  • The strongest association between caBMI and cognitive decline was observed at the eight-year mark.
  • Older adults (≥65 years) showed a greater association between caBMI and cognitive decline compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

  • Cumulative average BMI is significantly linked to cognitive decline over time.
  • Weight management and consistent BMI monitoring are vital for maintaining cognitive health.
  • The findings underscore the importance of addressing long-term weight trends for neurological well-being.