Maximizing Adaptations in Concurrent Training: An Umbrella Review of Meta-analyses

Area of Science:

• Exercise Physiology
• Sports Science
• Human Performance

Background:

• Concurrent training (CT), combining resistance (RT) and endurance training (ET), is popular but debated due to potential interference effects.
• Concerns exist regarding CT's impact on strength, power, hypertrophy, and aerobic capacity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the effects of CT on key fitness outcomes.
• To investigate potential interference effects and the impact of training sequence.

Main Methods:

• A systematic search of major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, etc.) was conducted.
• Seventeen meta-analyses including 144 studies and 1492 participants were analyzed.
• Subgroup analyses examined training modality, performance level, age, and training parameters.

Main Results:

• CT showed comparable aerobic capacity improvements to ET alone.
• CT yielded significantly greater strength gains than ET.
• Compared to RT, CT enhanced aerobic capacity while strength, power, and hypertrophy were similar.
• Performing RT before ET showed trends favoring strength and hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

• CT is a valuable strategy for improving both aerobic and strength outcomes in recreationally trained individuals.
• The training sequence may influence adaptations, with RT before ET potentially beneficial.
• Further research is needed for highly trained and elite athletes.