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45 km ROTDR with 0.5 m/0.11 °C via complex-domain square-wave width-chirp pulse compression.

Bowen Fan1,2, Jian Li3,4,5, Xinyue Zhang1,2

  • 1College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China.

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Summary
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This study introduces a novel complex-domain pulse compression technique for Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (ROTDR). It overcomes traditional trade-offs, enabling simultaneous long-range, high-resolution, and accurate distributed temperature sensing.

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics and Photonics
  • Distributed Sensing Technologies
  • Signal Processing for Optical Systems

Background:

  • Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (ROTDR) traditionally faces limitations in balancing sensing range, spatial resolution, and temperature accuracy due to pulse duration constraints.
  • Optimizing one performance metric in conventional ROTDR often leads to degradation in others, presenting a theoretical trade-off.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel method, complex-domain square-wave width-chirp pulse compression, to overcome the inherent physical limitations of ROTDR.
  • To demonstrate the decoupling of sensing range, spatial resolution, and temperature accuracy from pulse duration in distributed temperature sensing.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of complex-domain square-wave width-chirp pulse compression.
  • Application of matched filtering using a conjugate time-reversal filter for signal-to-noise ratio enhancement.
  • Utilizing complex-domain envelope extraction to mitigate Raman phase noise.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 15.09 dB signal-to-noise ratio gain through complex-domain matched filtering.
  • Successfully isolated and removed Raman phase noise using complex-domain envelope extraction.
  • Simultaneously attained 45 km sensing distance, 0.5 m spatial resolution, and 0.11 °C temperature accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed complex-domain pulse compression technique effectively breaks the conventional trade-off in ROTDR, enabling simultaneous optimization of key sensing parameters.
  • This framework presents a new paradigm for long-range, high-precision distributed temperature sensing.
  • The methodology is extensible to other scattering-based systems like Brillouin and Rayleigh optical time-domain reflectometry.