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How Novices Interpret Generalizations and How Experts Use Them.

Jeff Coon1, Alexander Etz2, Gregory Scontras3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Hanover College.

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|March 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Novice listeners interpret generalizations more broadly than experts. Experts adjust interpretations based on context, while speakers fail to adapt generalizations for inexperienced audiences, leading to miscommunication.

Keywords:
Audience designBayesian modelingCurse of knowledgeEsportsExpertiseGeneralizationsPragmaticsPrior knowledge

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Generalizations are common but their scope varies.
  • Listeners use prior knowledge to interpret generalization scope.
  • Expertise influences generalization interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate expert vs. novice generalization interpretation.
  • Examine expert listeners' discounting of disagreeable generalizations.
  • Assess if speakers adapt generalizations for novice audiences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the esport League of Legends as a cultural microcosm.
  • Compared generalization interpretation between expert and novice participants.
  • Investigated speaker adaptation of generalizations based on audience experience.

Main Results:

  • Novices interpreted generalizations more broadly than experts.
  • Only experts adjusted generalization interpretation based on context.
  • Speakers did not adjust generalizations for explicitly inexperienced audiences.

Conclusions:

  • Novice listeners interpret generalizations more broadly than intended by expert speakers.
  • A mismatch exists in generalization interpretation between novices and experts.
  • Further research needed on goal-oriented generalization use in communication.