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Exploring the Role of Virtual Nurses in Inpatient Care Teams
Jackeline Iseler1, Camille Jensen, Tricia Thomas
1Author Affiliations: Associate Professor and Program Director, Clinical Nurse Specialist Concentration (Dr Iseler), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Assistant Professor, Graduate Programs (Dr Jensen), Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI; Nurse Executive Change Coach (Dr Jensen), Trinity Health System Office; Professor (Dr Thomas), Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI; Nurse Executive Change Coach, Trinity Health System Office; Librarian (Sender), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Clinical Education Coordinator (Schauer), Trinity Health System Office; Clinical Nurse Specialist (Dr Iseler, Irwin), Trinity Health Grand Rapids, Grand Rapids, MI.
Objective:
This systematic mapping review examined virtual nursing models in adult inpatient care to identify key characteristics, roles, and outcomes that can inform policy, practice, and future research.
Background:
Virtual nursing is increasingly used to address workforce shortages and improve care delivery, yet the evidence remains fragmented.
Methods:
A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Studies were included if they described virtual registered nurses integrated into inpatient care teams. Data were categorized by team structure, roles, experience, location, and outcomes.
Results:
Virtual nursing models varied in structure, staffing, and coverage. Common responsibilities included monitoring, documentation, education, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Outcomes such as turnover, satisfaction, and efficiency showed promise, though reporting was inconsistent.
Conclusions:
Virtual nursing is a flexible, emerging model with potential to address workforce challenges. Standardized reporting and rigorous evaluation are needed to guide implementation and policy.
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