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Related Concept Videos

Stresses under Combined Loadings01:23

Stresses under Combined Loadings

538
When analyzing a bent tube with a circular cross-section subjected to multiple forces, it is crucial to determine the stress distribution in order to maintain structural integrity under varied load conditions.
The process begins by slicing the tube at critical points and analyzing the internal forces and stress components at these sections, focusing on the centroid. Normal stresses, generated by axial forces and bending moments, are either compressive or tensile and vary across the section from...
538
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

667
In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
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Applications of Stress01:04

Applications of Stress

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Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
The...
760
Stress: General Loading Conditions01:15

Stress: General Loading Conditions

681
To grasp the intricacy of real-world conditions where multiple loads are applied simultaneously to a structure, one might visualize a section passing through a specific point within a body, aligned parallel to the xy plane. This section is subjected to various forces, including original loads, normal forces, and shearing forces.
The shearing force, possessing potential directionality within the plane of the section, is simplified into two component forces running parallel to the x and y axes....
681
Design of Transmission Shafts - Stress Analysis01:15

Design of Transmission Shafts - Stress Analysis

796
Designing a transmission shaft requires a thorough understanding of the stresses induced by bending moments and torques, especially in systems where power is transferred through gears. These forces create force-couple systems at the centers of the shaft's cross-sections, leading to both transverse and torsional loading. Although shearing stresses from transverse loads are typically smaller than those from torques and are often overlooked, the significant normal stresses from these loads...
796
Principal Stresses: Problem Solving01:15

Principal Stresses: Problem Solving

675
When analyzing two planes intersecting at right angles under the influence of shearing, tensile, and compressive stresses, it is essential to identify principal planes, maximum shearing stress, and principal stresses. To find the principal planes, apply a formula that equates them to twice the shearing stress divided by the difference between tensile and compressive stresses.
675

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Updated: Mar 29, 2026

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ASME-Based Structural Assessment of Head-Shell Junctions in Pressurized Railway Tank Wagons.

Costin Nicolae Ilincă1, Rami Doukeh1, Ibrahim Naim Ramadan1

  • 1Mechanical Engineering Department, Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, 100680 Ploiesti, Romania.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary

This study assessed railway tank wagon head-shell junctions using ASME standards and finite element analysis (FEA). The combined approach confirmed structural integrity and compliance with ASME Section VIII Division 2 requirements.

Keywords:
ASME Section VIII Division 2finite element analysis (FEA)geometric discontinuitystress linearization

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Structural Analysis
  • Finite Element Analysis

Background:

  • Railway tank wagons require rigorous structural assessment for safe operation under internal pressure.
  • The head-shell junction is a critical area prone to stress concentrations due to geometric discontinuities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform an ASME-based structural assessment of a 60 m³ railway tank wagon's head-shell junction.
  • To validate the accuracy of analytical models against finite element analysis (FEA) for stress evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Combined classical shell theory with FEA, adhering to ASME Section VIII Division 2 stress categorization and linearization.
  • Developed an analytical model based on the moment theory of shells of revolution for junction analysis.
  • Utilized axisymmetric (2D) and full 3D FEA models for stress simulation and comparison.

Main Results:

  • Localized membrane-bending interactions were identified at the junction, with calculated contour loads Q₀ = 795 N/mm and M₀ = 13,350 N·mm/mm.
  • FEA results showed maximum equivalent stress below 117 MPa, with less than 2% deviation between 2D and 3D models.
  • Maximum combined primary membrane and bending stress was 109.5 MPa, significantly below the ASME allowable limit of 308 MPa.

Conclusions:

  • The combined analytical-numerical approach reliably assesses stress concentration effects in railway tank wagons.
  • The study confirms compliance with ASME VIII Division 2 requirements for the evaluated tank wagon design.
  • Axisymmetric FEA models are adequate for evaluating such structures, offering computational efficiency.