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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice

Published on: February 2, 2014

Combining Systemic and Local/Regional Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy Sensitivity.

Taylor Aiken¹, Charlotte Ariyan¹

¹Department of Surgical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America

|March 28, 2026

Summary

Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with local therapies like radiation or injections improves tumor response and systemic immunity. This approach shows promise, especially for patients progressing on immunotherapy alone.

Keywords:

Checkpoint inhibition Immunocytokine Locoregional therapy Oncolytic viral therapy

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Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation

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Published on: June 24, 2025

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Cancer Therapy

Background:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a cornerstone of modern cancer treatment.
Locoregional therapies (LRTs) like radiation and targeted injections are used to control tumors locally.
Combining ICIs with LRTs is being explored to enhance treatment efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence supporting the combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with locoregional therapies.
To discuss the rationale behind combining these treatment modalities.
To highlight ongoing clinical trials investigating this combination strategy.

Main Methods:

Review of existing preclinical and clinical studies on combination therapy.
Analysis of data from trials combining ICIs with radiation, regional perfusion, and local injections (cytokines, bacteria, viruses).
Discussion of ongoing research and future directions.

Main Results:

Combination therapy has demonstrated improved local tumor response in various settings.
Systemic immune responses have been observed, particularly in patients progressing on immunotherapy prior to LRT addition.
LRTs can potentially enhance the efficacy of ICIs by increasing tumor antigen release and modulating the tumor microenvironment.

Conclusions:

Combining immune checkpoint inhibition with locoregional therapies is a promising strategy to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
This combination approach can enhance both local tumor control and systemic anti-tumor immunity.
Further research and ongoing trials are crucial to optimize this strategy for specific disease settings with significant survival or functional implications.