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Leveraging the Human Microbiome to Improve Immunotherapy Sensitivity.
Leva Gorji1, Ashlee N Seldomridge1, Ashley M Holder1
1Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America
|March 28, 2026
Summary
The human microbiome impacts solid tumors and immunotherapy response. Modulating the microbiome offers a new avenue for personalized cancer medicine.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- The human body hosts diverse microbial communities, forming the microbiome.
- These microbial ecosystems are present even within tumor microenvironments.
- The role of the microbiome in cancer development and treatment is an emerging area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of the microbiome on solid tumors.
- To explore how microbiome modulation can enhance immunotherapy efficacy.
- To discuss the potential of microbiome modulation in personalized cancer medicine.
Main Methods:
- This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
- Literature search on human microbiome, solid tumors, and immunotherapy.
- Analysis of studies investigating microbiome-cancer interactions and therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- The microbiome significantly influences the development and progression of solid tumors.
- Microbiome composition can predict and affect response to cancer immunotherapies.
- Targeted modulation of the gut and tumor microbiome shows promise for improving treatment outcomes.
Conclusions:
- The human microbiome plays a critical role in solid tumor biology.
- Microbiome-targeted therapies, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation, can enhance immunotherapy.
- Microbiome modulation represents a promising frontier in developing personalized cancer treatments.
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