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Updated: Mar 31, 2026

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots
Published on: January 13, 2023
T S Hebner1, T J White2,3, M D Dickey4
1Purdue University, Davidson School of Chemical Engineering.
Researchers review shape-changing polymeric soft materials inspired by nature. Advances are enabling materials with autonomous sensing, decision-making, and evolving capabilities for dynamic environments.
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