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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 1, 2026

Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
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Causal Relationship Between Neurotrophins and Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Insights From a Bidirectional Two-Sample

Tao Xu1, Qiang Gan1, Handong Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing, China.

Brain and Behavior
|March 31, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) showed a causal link with lower levels of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Further research is needed to understand these neurotrophin associations and NPH prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationciliary neurotrophic factor levels (CNTF)instrumental variablesneurotrophinsnormal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • A potential link between neurotrophins and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) outcomes has been suggested.
  • Causal evidence for neurotrophin involvement in NPH remains limited.
  • Neurotrophic factors like BDNF, NGF, NT-3, NT-4, CNTF, and GDNF are under investigation for their roles in neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential causal relationship between various neurotrophins and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH).
  • To explore the impact of neurotrophic factors on the development and progression of NPH using genetic data.

Main Methods:

  • A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using genome-wide association study (GWAS) data.
  • The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the primary analytical approach.
  • Sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out methods were used to ensure result robustness and assess pleiotropy.

Main Results:

  • No significant causal association was found between genetically predicted neurotrophins and NPH.
  • Reverse MR analysis revealed a significant negative causal association between NPH and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF).
  • A similar negative causal association was observed between NPH and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).

Conclusions:

  • Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is causally associated with lower levels of CNTF and GDNF.
  • Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying these associations is warranted.
  • Understanding these relationships may inform NPH prevention strategies, potentially including nutritional guidelines.