Development of the Respiratory System During Adolescence

The development of the respiratory system begins in the embryo and is completed by early adulthood. Although the lungs must be fully functional at birth, they must continue to grow along with the rest of the body for the next two decades. The rapid physical growth during adolescence explains why development of the respiratory system can be positively or negatively influenced by various factors such as behavior, environment, or illness during this period. In particular, the type and amount of physical activity, composition of diet, tobacco smoke, outdoor and indoor air quality, and access to healthcare are important determinants. The knowledge of the beneficial and harmful effects of these factors is therefore crucial for taking timely preventive action. This includes measures such as responsible policies that provide possibilities for physical activity, avoid air pollution and encourage greening, sufficient opportunities for preventive medical check-ups, and, if necessary, the use of therapeutic measures.