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Ultraviolet association with vernal keratoconjunctivitis with perilimbal pigmentation
Yan-Ming Huang1, Duo-Jie BianBa2, Wei-Feng Duan2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
International Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 2, 2026
Summary
Perilimbal pigmentation (PLP) is a new sign in vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), particularly in darker-skinned individuals. Research suggests UV exposure may contribute to PLP in this allergic eye disease.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Allergology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic allergic eye condition affecting children and adolescents.
- Perilimbal pigmentation (PLP) is a newly observed sign of VKC, primarily in individuals of Asian and African descent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the causes, clinical importance, and mechanisms of PLP in VKC.
- To explore a potential link between ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and the occurrence of PLP in VKC patients.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, covering articles published from January 1983 to January 2024.
- The search focused on studies related to VKC and the presence of PLP.
Main Results:
- PLP presents as speckled pigmentation on the interpalpebral conjunctiva.
- The pathogenesis of PLP may involve melanocyte activation and proliferation in the inflamed limbus.
- VKC with PLP is more prevalent in pigmented populations residing in equatorial regions with high UV exposure and arid climates.
Conclusions:
- The geographical distribution and interpalpebral pattern of PLP suggest a possible association with UV exposure.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the role of UV in PLP development.
- Understanding this association could aid in the prevention and treatment of this regionally and racially specific form of VKC.
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