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Microfluidic Picoliter Bioreactor for Microbial Single-cell Analysis: Fabrication, System Setup, and Operation

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Designing Microbe-Semiconductor Interfaces for Semibiological Photosynthesis.

Wentao Song¹, Glenn Quek², Marion I M Short²

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore.

Chemical Reviews

|April 3, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Semiconductor-microbe hybrids offer sustainable solar-to-chemical conversion by combining light harvesting with biocatalysis. Optimizing the microbe-semiconductor interface is key for efficient and stable solar-driven biosynthesis.

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Area of Science:

Biohybrid systems
Sustainable energy conversion
Semiconductor-microorganism integration

Background:

Semibiological designs merge semiconductor light harvesting with microbial biocatalysis for solar-to-chemical conversion.
Challenges exist in constructing stable and efficient microbe-semiconductor systems due to complex interfacial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review microbe-semiconductor systems for solar-to-chemical conversion.
To emphasize interfacial electron transfer mechanisms and advancements in biohybrid assembly.
To guide the development of semibiological photosynthetic systems.

Main Methods:

Review of fundamental mechanisms in microbe-semiconductor systems.
Emphasis on extracellular electron transfer at biotic-abiotic interfaces.
Discussion of biohybrid interface engineering and characterization.

Main Results:

Semibiological systems enable efficient solar energy conversion into complex chemical products.
Interfacial electron transfer is crucial for biohybrid system performance.
Recent advancements focus on assembling biohybrids for solar-driven biosynthesis using nonphotosynthetic bacteria.

Conclusions:

Optimizing biotic-abiotic interfaces is critical for developing efficient and stable semibiological photosynthetic systems.
Further innovation is needed to overcome challenges in interface development and system optimization.
This review provides principles and guidance for advancing microbe-semiconductor solar-to-chemical conversion technologies.